Middle East and Northern Africa

General sources for Middle East and Northern Africa

Abou-Zeid, G. 2006. ‘The Arab region: women’s access to the decision-making process across the Arab Nation’, in Dahlerup, D. (ed.) Women, Quotas and Politics, London/New York: Routledge, pp. 168-193.

Arab Election Law, www.arabelectionlaw.net

Ballington, J. and Dahlerup, D. 2006. ‘Gender quotas in post-conflict states: East Timor, Afghanistan and Iraq’, in Dahlerup, D. (ed.) Women, Quotas and Politics, London/New York: Routledge, pp. 249-258.

Bayes, Jane H. & Nayereh Tohidi (eds). 2001. Globalization, Gender, and Religion. The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim Contexts. Palgrave Macmillan.

Chinkin, C. ‘Peace Agreements as a Means for Promoting Gender Equality and
Ensuring Participation of Women’, paper presented at UN Expert Group Meeting, Ottawa, November 2003.

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), www.ipu.org

Joseph & Susan Slymovics. 2001. Women and Power in the Middle East. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania.

Khalil, A. 2004. ‘Women Call for Equal Representation’, Women’s E-News, 2 June.
Online. Available at: http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1703/context/archive

Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women (OSAGI) 2004. Faces: Women as Partners in Peace and Security, New York: OSAGI.

Ottaway, M. 2004. ‘Women’s Rights and Democracy in the Arab World’, Carnegie Papers Middle East Series, no. 42, Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace.

Reilly, B. 2003. ‘International Electoral Assistance: A Review of Donor Activities and Lessons Learned’, Working Paper 17, The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’.

Socialist International Women. ‘The Quota System. http://www.socintwomen.org.uk/QUOTA/QUOTAEng1.html

United National Development Programme (UNDP) 2002. Arab Human Development Report: Creating Opportunities of Future Generations.

United National Development Programme (UNDP) 2003. Arab Human Development
Report 2003.

Whittington, S. ‘UN Goals for Gender Mainstreaming’, paper presented at the conference: Women and Post-War Reconstruction: Strategies for Implementation of Democracy Building Policies, Florida International University, Miami, March 2004.

World Fact Book. 2002. www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook

Afghanistan

Afghan Parliament website, http://www.nationalassembly.af/

Afghan Women’s Network, 2004. ‘Official Website’. Online. Available at: http://www.afghanwomensnetwork.org/

Annan, K. 2002. ‘Afghan Women May Still Suffer’, Associated Press. Online. Available at: http://www.rawa.org/annan-w.htm

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, 2004. ‘The Constitution of Afghanistan’, January 3. http://www.unama-afg.org/docs/_nonUN%20Docs/_Loya-Jirga/CLJ/Translation%20of%20the%20Constitution%20May%2030.doc

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, http://www.unama-afg.org/

Algeria

Algerian Parliament website, http://www.apn-dz.org/

Egypt

Abou-Zeid, G. 2002. ‘In Search of Political Power-Women in Parliament in Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon’, in A. Karam (ed.) Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, Stockholm: International IDEA.

Abou-Zeid, G. ‘Introducing Quotes in Africa: Discourse in Egypt’, paper presented at The Implementation of Quotas: African Experiences, Pretoria, November 2003.

Egypt Parliament website, http://www.assembly.gov.eg/

Howard-Merriam, K. 1990. ‘Guaranteed Seats for Political Representation of Women: The Egyptian Example’, in Women and Politics. Vol. 10, 1. pp.17-42.

Inter-Parliamentary Union. 1997. Democracy Still in the Making: A World Comparative Study. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union.

Tamale, S. 1999. When Hens Begin to Crow: Gender and Parliamentary Politics in Uganda. Colorado: Westview Press.

Iraq

Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) 2004. ‘Law of Administration for the State
of Iraq for the Transitional Period’. http://www.cpa-iraq.org/government/TAL.html

Dahlerup, D. and Nordlund, A. 2004. ‘Gender Quotas: A key to Equality? A Case Study of Iraq and Afghanistan’, European Political Science, 3, 3: 91–8.

Iraq Parliament website, http://www.na-iraqi.com/

Nordlund, A. 2004. ‘Demands for Electoral Gender Quotas in Afghanistan and Iraq’, The Research Program on Gender Quotas, Working Paper Series 2004: 2, Stockholm University: Department of Political Science.

Pirelli, C. 2004. ‘CPA Briefing on Electoral Preparations in Iraq’, 4 June. Online.
Available at: http://www.iraqcoalition.org/transcripts/20040604_Perelli_Prep.html

Samuels, K. and Einsiedel, S.v. 2004. ‘The Future of UN State-Building: Strategic and Operational Challenges and the Legacy of Iraq’, Policy Report, New York: International Peace Academy. http://www.ipacademy.org/Publications/Publications.htm

Women for a Free Iraq, 2003. ‘The heartland of Iraq Womens Conference’, Preliminary Report, Hilla: University of Babylon.

Jordan

‘Demands for seats for women at the Jordanian parliament.’ 2002. ArabicNews.com, February 13. http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/020213/2002021319.html.

Husseini, Rana. 2001. ‘Jordan: Women and Politics.’ Al-Raida 18, no. 92: 27.

Jordan Parliament website, http://www.parliament.gov.jo/

Lebanon

AMAN. 2002. ‘MP submits draft on quotas for women in councils.’ AMAN News Center, July 14.

Assaf, Hind Soufi. 2001. ‘“Quota” in the Field: “My Lady Take Your Place.”‘ Al-Raida 18, no. 2. p. 45.

Lebanese Parliament website, http://www.lp.gov.lb/

Sfeir, Myriam. 2001a. ‘Nayla Moawad: On Politics in Lebanon.’ Al-Raida 18, no. 92. p. 47.

Sfeir, Myriam. 2001b. ‘Round Table: Women's Role in Politics: The Quota System.’ Al-Raida 18, no. 92, p. 29.

Sreih, Bariaa Ahmar. 2001. ‘Women in the Lebanese 2000 Parliamentary Elections: What Political Participation are “They” Talking About.’ Al-Raida 18, no. 2. p. 41.

Morocco

Abdul Aziz, M. 2004. ‘Morocco Experience’, in Al-Mara al-Maghribiya wa al-Barlaman, Cairo: Alliance for Arab Women.

ArabicNews.com, 3 August 2001, www.arabicnews.com ‘Enhancing women's political participation in Morocco’, Afrol News, 3 June 2001,
www.afrol.com/News2001/mor004_women_politics.htm

Charrad, M.M. 2001. States and Women’s Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hall, E.C. ‘Quotas and Transnational Networks Answering the Challenge of Moroccan Women’s Access to Political Space’, paper presented at the 960 Political Science Seminar, 2003.

Inter-Parliamentary Union. ‘Women in Politics: Promising Developments in Eastern Europe and the Arab Countries’, Press Release no. 130, 1 March 2001.

Leicester, John. 2002. ‘Women to Take Seats in Morocco Government’, Associated Press. September 27.

Moroccan Parliament website, http://www.parlement.ma/

‘Moroccan Women Associations Press for Women's Enlarged Access to Top Positions’, 2001. ArabicNews.com, 5 February 2001.
www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/010205/2001020506.html

Senegal

Diaw, A.K. et al. 1999. Campagnes législative de 1998: Démocratie où-es-tu? Dakar: Conseil Sénégalais des femmes (Senegalese Women’s Council) (COSEF).

Aissata De Diop. 2002 ‘Les quotas en Africa francophone : Des débuts modestes’, in International IDEA. Les Femmes au parlement : Au-Delà du Nombre (Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers), International IDEA, Stockholm, Sweden.

Diop, A.S. 2001. ‘Senegalese Women Want To Be Elected Not Electors’, Panafrican News Agency (PANA), newswire 12 February.

Inter-Parliamentary Union. 1997. Democracy Still in the Making: A World Comparative Study. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union.

Senegalese Parliament website, http://www.assemblee-nationale.sn/

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 2002. ‘Mission to Senegal Shows Women Solidarity is Essential’. Online. Available at: http://www.usaid.gov/gn/democracy/news/011108_senegalstudytrip/

Tunisia

‘Tunis: 20 percent of local councils' seats are for women’, 1999. ArabicNews.com, December 29. www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/991229/1999122930.html

‘Tunisia: Municipal elections, on Sunday 28 May 2000’, 2000. Tunisia Online News Updates. www.tunisiaonline.com/news/backgrounder-mun.html

Tunisian Parliament website, http://www.chambre-dep.tn/

Tunisiaonline, ‘Tunisian Women in Figures’,
http://www.tunisiaonline.com/women/women4.html